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- How is wool made?
- What is carbonizing process of wool?
- What is grading of wool?
- What is scouring of wool?
- What is the shearing process of wool?
- What is the value of pure wool in the global market?
- What is the value of worsted wool yarn in the global market?
- What is worsted wool?
- Where is wool produced in the world?
- How is cotton made?
- What are the properties of cotton?
- What is carding process?
- What is combing?
- What is cotton ginning and its types?
- What is the chemical composition of cotton?
- What is the value of cotton in the global market?
- Where is cotton produced in the world?
- Why is organic cotton expensive?
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- How is nylon made?
- What are nylon chips or polyamide chips?
- What are the properties of nylon?
- What is benzene?
- What is caprolactam (CPL)?
- What is NFY?
- What is the chemical composition of nylon?
- What is the value of nylon fiber in the global market?
- Where is nylon produced in the world?
- Who are the global caprolactam producers?
- Who are the major global producers of benzene?
- How is polyester made?
- What are polyester chips?
- What are the end uses and countries producing PSF (polyester staple fiber)?
- What are the end-uses of polyester chips?
- What are the properties of polyester?
- What are the uses of paraxylene?
- What is MEG and who are its producers?
- What is paraxylene and its properties?
- What is polyester staple fiber (PSF)?
- What is Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA)?
- What is the chemical composition of polyester?
- Where is polyester produced in the world?
- Who are the global paraxylene producing countries?
- Who are the global producers of Purified Terephthalic Acid?
- How is acrylic made?
- What are the properties of acrylic?
- What is acrylonitrile?
- What is ASF?
- What is propylene?
- What is the chemical composition of acrylic?
- What is the global market of acrylonitrile and who are its producers?
- What is the global market of propylene and who are its producers?
- Where is acrylic produced in the world?
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What are the types of aramid fibers?
There are two main types of aramid fibers based on the location of chemical bonds in the structure of aramid fibers i.e. Meta- aramid and Para-aramid. This meta and para refer to the location of chemical bonds.
• Meta- aramid:
In meta-aramid fibers, the chemical bonds are more aligned in the long direction of the fibers i.e the fibers are not aligned. In Fact, they form the zig-zag pattern. The fibers of meta-aramid have excellent thermal, chemical, and radiation resistance. The angle between the amide plane and the phenylene plane in meta-aromatic polyamide is 30 degrees that result in the most stable structure. In comparison to para- aramid, meta- aramid are soft and electrically conductive.
They are used to produce fire-retardant textiles such as outerwear for fire- fighters and racing car drivers. Some of the examples of meta- aramid fibers are Nomex and teijinconex.
• Para- aramid:
The fibers made from para- aramid polyamide are higher in strength in comparison to meta- aramid polyamide. A few of the applications of para- aramid fibers are for producing reinforcement plastics for civil engineering structures, Stress skin panels, and other high tensile strength applications. In comparison to meta- aramid, para- aramid are stiff, and have greater tenacity and strength. But, they are sensitive to chemicals and the presence of acids, alkalis, and bleaches degrades the strength of para- aramid polyamide.
Some of the examples of para- aramid fibers are Kevlar, Technora, Twaron, Heracron.