Researchers develop solar-powered smart fabric

Researchers at the University of Waterloo, Canada, have developed an innovative fabric that heats up when exposed to sunlight, without requiring an external power source. The fabric, embedded with conductive polymer nanoparticles, can reach 30°C under sunlight while also changing color to indicate temperature fluctuations.

Unlike traditional heated clothing that relies on metal or ceramic heating elements and external batteries, this fabric harnesses solar energy safely and efficiently. The photothermal effect is achieved through a blend of polyaniline and polydopamine nanoparticles, which enhance light absorption and improve heat conversion. The fibers are produced via a scalable wet-spinning process, using thermoplastic polyurethane as a matrix and thermochromic dyes for color-changing properties.

The smart textile is not only heat-responsive but also highly durable, capable of stretching up to five times its original shape and withstanding over two dozen wash cycles without losing its functionality. This makes it a promising material for wearable applications, especially in cold-weather clothing and temperature-sensitive gear.

“We prioritized durability, ensuring the fabric could withstand repeated use and environmental exposure while maintaining its innovative properties,” said Yuning Li, a professor at Waterloo’s Department of Chemical Engineering.

To make the technology more accessible, the team is exploring cost-effective alternatives to polydopamine and scaling up production while maintaining the fabric’s smart features. Future advancements could lead to affordable, self-heating clothing that integrates seamlessly into everyday wear.