Scientists at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany have developed an innovative water purification process using fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of microscopic algae. The research team is now working on cultivating diatoms in labs to create a more sustainable and circular technology.

The research team tested the algae shells on methylene blue and methyl orange, two common pollutants from the textile industry found in groundwater and rivers. The results were impressive, 100% of methylene blue was removed within an hour, and 70% of methyl orange was eliminated. The shells maintained their effectiveness across different water conditions, including varying levels of salinity and acidity.

Unlike traditional water purification materials like activated carbon, algae are renewable and can be cultivated with low energy requirements, even in wastewater. Additionally, the shells can be washed and reused multiple times.

Anzhela Galstyan, a junior professor of chemistry and study author, highlighted their significance, saying, "Diatoms play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, capturing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Their remains accumulate on ocean floors, making them easy to source."

Galstyan and her team aim to refine the process and explore ways to utilize the residue removed from the shells. Their ultimate goal is to integrate this technology into existing water treatment systems without requiring significant infrastructure changes. "We hope that within five to ten years, bio-based solutions can at least partially replace expensive, less sustainable systems," Galstyan said.