Scientists have developed a smart textile vest capable of monitoring body temperature and identifying early signs of hypothermia in elderly individuals. The innovation is designed to address the higher risk older people face due to faster body heat loss, reduced temperature regulation, chronic illnesses, medication effects and general frailty.

The research, led by Dr Theo Hughes-Riley from Nottingham Trent University’s Advanced Textiles Research Group (ATRG), focuses on four miniature thermistors integrated directly into the vest’s yarns. These sensors continuously track changes in body temperature.

Each thermistor measures just 1mm in length and 0.5mm in width. They connect to a microcontroller via Bluetooth, enabling real-time temperature data to be sent to a smartphone or other device. The system can trigger alerts if abnormal temperature readings continue over a period of time.

To ensure durability, the thermistors are sealed in resin for full washability and protected with a polyester braid. They are strategically positioned at key body points, two on the chest and two on the scapula, and are designed to remain imperceptible to the wearer.

The prototype has been tested during common daily activities including sitting, walking, jumping and reaching, confirming that the vest performs reliably in real-life conditions. Trial data showed distinct temperature variation patterns that may help detect abnormal physiological responses before they become critical.

Dr Hughes-Riley from the Nottingham School of Art and Design noted that hypothermia is particularly dangerous for elderly individuals, especially those living alone without immediate support. He explained that integrating electronic textiles into an everyday garment like a vest could enable carers and healthcare professionals to respond quickly to potential risks and provide timely assistance.