Chinese researchers develop living fungus-based textile

Researchers in China have developed a living fungus-based textile that can repair itself, support additional biological functions, and naturally biodegrade within a few weeks. The material was created by a team of scientists at the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology using Cordyceps militaris, a thread-forming fungus commonly known as caterpillar fungus.

Instead of turning the fungus into fibers, the researchers grew dense layers of mycelium, the network of thread-like filaments that forms the main structure of a fungus. These mycelium layers naturally developed into strong, sheet-like materials. The research findings were published in the journal Science Advances.

The researchers also showed that the material can be combined with other microorganisms after it is produced. In their experiments, pigment-producing yeast created colored patterns on the textile, while another type of fungus that produces melanin added ultraviolet (UV) protection. These results suggest that new functions could be added to the material even after manufacturing.

Environmental testing showed that the textile decomposed in about 41 days. According to the researchers, this level of biodegradability could support circular production systems where products are designed to be reused and then naturally break down instead of ending up in landfills.

Despite its promising features, the researchers said the material is still at an early stage of development and is not yet suitable for commercial use. Keeping the fungus alive presents several challenges, including storage conditions, contamination control, and limited shelf life.