The Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel (HKRITA) has developed an intelligent clothing system that can automatically adjust its thermal insulation according to changes in temperature.The technology, called iAdapt Intelligent Soft Robotic Clothing, is designed to help wearers maintain a comfortable body temperature without relying entirely on heating or air conditioning.

When temperatures fall, the soft structures inflate, creating a larger layer of still air inside the garment. This increases insulation and helps keep the wearer warm. When temperatures rise, the structures deflate, reducing the garment’s thermal resistance and allowing excess heat to escape more easily.

The system is designed to manage both heat and moisture while maintaining good breathability. Its inflation and deflation can be controlled through a programmable system, while a mobile application gives users an additional way to interact with the garment.

The technology could be useful in a range of professional and outdoor settings. Potential applications include clothing for medical workers, outdoor workers, firefighters and winter sports athletes.

The soft robotic system is made using lightweight and durable textile materials, allowing the garments to retain the flexibility and comfort expected from conventional clothing. At the same time, the integrated structures give the fabric the ability to actively change its thermal properties according to the wearer’s surroundings.