Scientists develop compostable bags from mushroom roots

Researchers at Empa have developed a new sustainable material using mycelium, the root-like structure of the split-gill mushroom. While mycelium has been used before in eco-friendly materials, this team used a unique method: they preserved the mushroom’s natural fiber network and the protective outer layer, known as the extracellular matrix, rather than removing or chemically processing it.

By choosing a specific strain of the split-gill mushroom that produces high levels of two helpful compounds, schizophyllan and hydrophobin, the team created a material that is strong, flexible, and capable of forming thin sheets. It can also stabilize mixtures and work as a moisture-sensitive biodegradable sensor.

Two promising applications were highlighted. First, the material’s natural breakdown ability could be used to create compostable bags that not only hold waste but actively help decompose it from within. Sinha proposed that fungi-based bags could transform how we manage organic trash.

Second, the material could be used in green electronics. Researchers are exploring its use with fungal-based biobatteries to develop “living” paper batteries. These eco-friendly alternatives could potentially replace traditional batteries in small devices.

The team plans to continue refining the material for various uses, from packaging to bio-electronic applications. They are even studying ancient fungal fossils to better understand how such efficient natural systems evolved, aiming to improve the material’s performance and broaden its applications across industries.